查看完整版本: 国内转向器行业的发展应立足自身

国内转向器行业的发展应立足自身

　　在北京前不久举办的首届中国国际汽车零部件博览会上，来自辽宁朝阳汽车转向器有限公司销售部部长张俊岩告诉记者，他们没有开发出新的国外客户。“有几个外商问了下产品情况，拿着相关资料离开后，就再没有消息了。我们参加这次博览会的任务没有完成。”张俊岩说。

　　朝阳转向器的困境

　　虽然朝阳转向器已经出口到印度、越南等国家，但他们还想找到更多的国外客户。“因为我们现在缺钱，找外商出口产品来钱快。”张俊岩谈到来京参展意图直言不讳。

　　朝阳转向器过去是个响当当的品牌。公司始建于1970年，是国内老牌汽车转向器科研生产基地。1986年开发出国内首台整体转阀式动力转向器，获得国家专利。1990年，为国家领导用车专门设计开发出自主品牌动力转向系统。“在上世纪80年代至90年代期间，转向器行业有‘三阳开泰’的说法，这‘三阳’就是指朝阳、沈阳和绵阳。当时朝阳转向器卖得非常好。”中国汽车工业协会转向器委员会副主任李自标对记者说。

　　如今只带来3项转向器产品的朝阳展台和其他展台相比冷清了许多。已经有多次参展经验的张俊岩并不认为把展区装修得靓就会有客户上门。他说：“只要知道朝阳历史，看到我们带来的核心产品，有诚心的话，客户会在展会后和我们联系，但这次我们选择客户的重点是外商。”

　　看到前来咨询的国内零部件经销商，张俊岩的接待热情并不高，他对记者说：“现在国内转向器厂家上百，竞争越来越激烈，在买方市场下，整车厂不断压价，即使利润微薄我们也得咬牙卖产品。即使有些整车厂不会把钱一次性到位，我们怕得罪他们也不好意思硬要，只能等待下一次卖产品的时候把这一次账要回，下一笔账等着下下次卖产品的时候要。就这样，我们的资金总是处在紧张状态。”

　　除了整车厂的欠账压力，朝阳还得面对国内仿造劣质转向器小厂家的冲击。“如果我们的产品可以用3年的话，这些厂家的产品只能用1年，但一些整车厂还是会选择他们，因为价钱便宜。”张俊岩说，“卖给转向器售后服务厂商，数量有限，利润更薄，综合比较之下，还是把产品出口到海外市场能直接拿到资金，这是我们目前的一条路。”

　　如果产品技术不先进、质量不可靠，海外市场将很难打开。张俊岩明白这个道理，也承认目前公司转向器和世界一流产品有一定差距。“如果有足够的资金，我们一定会研制出先进的产品。”虽然张俊岩这样说，但目前他所面临的情况使朝阳的海外之路困难重重。

　　朝阳如何能真正走出现在所面临的困境?张俊岩的答案是：“要不与国内知名整车厂整合，要不与国外知名零部件公司合资。”

　　两条路能否走通

　　在本届国际汽车零部件博览会上，国际零部件巨头德尔福带来了它最先进的液压转向器系统。和这些转向器相比较，德尔福亚太区市场经理陈可杰认为，目前中国转向器的质量与技术含量在世界处于中流水平。

　　他佩服中国转向器行业的发展速度，但他认为，在一些关键技术上，中国转向器企业与国外相比仍有差距。“未来电子转向器将是转向器的发展方向，德尔福正在这一领域积极研发。德尔福也在考虑与国内一些转向器企业合作，但这种合作将集中在低端产品领域，并且在合作过程中，我们的核心技术是保密的。”他说。

　　也就是说，如果朝阳与国外知名零部件企业合资，它自身产品的技术提升空间要打一个问号，它的企业能否长久兴盛下去也要打一个问号。

　　而与国内知名整车厂合作这条路，朝阳汽车转向器有限公司也曾尝试过。李自标向记者介绍道，一次他在北京开会时，就看到朝阳市副市长亲自带朝阳转向器的人来京招商，但迟迟未找到“如意郎君”。

　　关键在自身

　　朝阳转向器的困境并不是个案。据李自标介绍，目前国内有100余家转向器企业，其中民营企业在激烈的市场竞争中脱颖而出，比如浙江世星、广东江门、江苏罡阳发展迅速，在汽车电动助力转向领域做得很好，已经在逐渐缩短与国际先进水平的差距。相比之下，原来发展不错的国营企业目前经营状况都不理想，遇到了朝阳所面临的问题。曾经的“三阳”，如今已风光不再。

　　李自标对记者说，像朝阳这样的转向器企业如果要走出目前尴尬的处境，必须要在企业体制改革和管理机制改革上下功夫，在立足自身的基础上，引进国外的先进设备，把资金投入到硬件环境的改造中去，企业才会有所作为。如果单单把目光投向海外，以企业目前的技术实力是无法长久在海外尝到甜头的。

traditional teaching mode

2.2 Teacher
Teachers play an important role in teaching activities. In recent years, there are still many problems in the process of oral English teaching. The problems are as follows:

2.2.1 Exam-oriented education
Exam-oriented education affects every stage in English studying, especially in middle school. In the university entrance examination and other tests in middle school, English examinations are all in written forms, much less regard oral test as a part of examination. As a result, plenty[URL=http://www.just4gold.com/age-of-conan-gold.html]Age of Conan Gold[/URL] of students do better in written test, but they are poor at oral expression. They can get high scores and pass the examinations. When they are in a concrete society situation, however, they fail to express themselves in English correctly. This is the phenomenon of “Dumb English”.
Clearly, in the exam-oriented education, written test is the main part, while oral test only counts little. Secondary teachers largely ignore the verbal expression of the culture and training capacity.

2.2.2 Traditional teaching mode
In the traditional classroom teaching, teachers do focus on the transfer of knowledge, which is a principal part in the teaching activities. At the same time, students sit in the classroom just listening to what teachers say passively and taking notes, then learning by rote before [URL=http://www.fcsgame.com/dofus-kamas.htm]Dofus Kamas[/URL]tests. Students are the passive body in teaching and learning activities.
In this spoon-fed teaching mode, students rarely have the opportunities to do oral training, or there is no opportunity for oral training.

2.2.3 Teachers’ personal knowledge of the quality and capacity
Curriculum designers and developers as teachers are, they play an important role in promoting students’ ability.
Teachers’ quality and the level of their knowledge are crucial to the success and failure of classroom teaching. However, in some areas there are still lack of teachers[URL=http://www.dofus-kamas.cc]dofus kamas[/URL] while some English teachers have not received specialized training. And many teachers do not attach importance to the use of teaching methods so they can not effectively organize classroom teaching. All the above have a direct impact on the ability of students’ oral expression.

2.3 Student
Students act as the principal part in learning. Their control of oral English is the major standard for examing teachers’ teaching achievement.

2.3.1 Lacking of self-confidence
Many students do not like speaking in front of large groups of people, because they may worry about making mistakes or sounding foolish. Especially when students grow older, they care a lot about their face and do not want to be laughed at by others in class. Therefore, the more they feel diffident, the less they speak out in English.

2.3.2 Timidity in expressing their viewpoints
A number of reasons seem to be accounted for such phenomenon.
(1) Students don’t have an opinion on the subject;
(2) Students have an opinion, but are worried about what the other students might say or think;
(3) Students have an opinion, but don’t feel they can say exactly what they mean;
(4) The more inactively students [URL=http://www.fcsgame.com/]world of warcraft gold[/URL]participate, the more they feel diffident, the less they speak out in English.
To sum up, spoken-English-teaching in schools of China is still not satisfactory, and some situations have become the obstacles for improving students’ ability of oral English. How to change this status quo? Make our students communicate with foreigners with a better basic of oral English. Next, I will discuss how to promote the ability of middle-school students’ spoken language ability.

3. Solutions to the problems